Cerium: A Critical Performance Booster in Three-Way Catalytic Systems
In the field of automotive exhaust purification, three-way catalysts (TWCs) play a pivotal role, with cerium (Ce) emerging as a core component for performance optimization due to its unique chemical properties. Cerium's irreplaceable contribution significantly mitigates vehicle emissions pollution.
Cerium Enhances Oxygen Storage and Release Capacity
The primary function of a three-way catalyst is to simultaneously purify carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a single unit. Cerium’s distinctive 4f electron configuration endows TWCs with exceptional oxygen storage and release capability (OSC). Under fuel-rich engine conditions, where exhaust gas lacks sufficient oxygen, cerium releases stored oxygen to participate in the oxidation of CO and HC, ensuring their complete conversion into CO₂ and H₂O.
Cerium Improves Catalyst Durability
Over time and under high operating temperatures, the active components in TWCs undergo sintering, degrading catalytic performance. The addition of cerium effectively inhibits sintering, maintaining structural stability and prolonging catalyst lifespan.
Cerium Reduces TWC Costs
Conventional TWCs rely heavily on platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh), driving up costs. Cerium’s incorporation allows for reduced noble metal loading while preserving purification efficiency. This not only lowers production expenses but also decreases dependence on scarce precious metals, enhancing the economic viability of large-scale TWC applications.
Conclusion
As a key component of three-way catalysts, cerium multifunctionally enhances OSC, thermal stability, and cost efficiency. With increasingly stringent environmental regulations, research into cerium’s role in TWCs will continue to advance, driving innovations in exhaust purification technologies and contributing to global environmental protection.
